Got a question about Paralympic or disability sport? Ask the Anorak!

Okay, so I might be opening myself up for a whole heap of trouble here, but I thought rather than me just posting random articles with a sociological or historical focus around Paralympic or disability sport in general I thought I’d see what kind of questions people might be interested in me trying to answer or topics they might like me to write about. So if you’ve got a question you want answering or there’s a particular topic you’d like me write about – now’s your chance to ask! I’m not guaranteeing to have the answers to all questions, but I’ll give it my best shot. Some questions may take longer than others to answer depending upon the amount of research I have to do, so please be patient. If I truly don’t have the answer to your question – I’ll tell you and, if possible, try to point you in the direction of somewhere or someone where you might get it answered! You can leave your question or suggested topic in the comment box below or on the Ask the Anorak page.

The Study of Disability Sport in Higher Education

Depending on what definition is used for “disability” at least 10% of the world’s population is disabled in some way. For many of the non-disabled population the prefix “dis” brings with it connotations of less able, less important and less worthy (Brittain, 2004). This is equally true of nearly all academic disciplines when it comes to both teaching and research, which at best make a token effort to include people with disabilities and the impact of those disabilities within a particular subject area, and often simply make no attempt at all. Sport and Leisure appear to be no exception to this.

According to Torkildsen (1986) a positive, proactive and friendly attitude from management and staff towards disabled individuals can often overcome many of the problems posed by access to a particular programme or facility. However, this can only really occur if the staff have an understanding of the issues that surround participation in, and the development of, sport for people with disabilities. Unfortunately, the training that current and future workers in the area of sport currently receive is almost wholly based around the provision of sport for the non-disabled population. A review of the key texts currently used at some of the key institutions involved in the provision of degrees in the area of sport in the UK shows that they make little or no mention of disability sport whatsoever. Tomlinson (Ed.) (2007), Jarvie (2006) and Green and Houlihan (2005) all make no mention whatsoever of disability sport. Hylton and Bramham (2008) simply mentions the Disability Rights Commission amongst a list of organisations. Numerous other texts appear to show the same apparent disregard for this growing area of sport. The lack of any substantive content in courses and textbooks designed to train the sports practitioners of the future is, for disabled people, simply a further affirmation of their exclusion from the rest of society based upon non-disabled perceptions of their abilities, which for the most part are unfounded. However, the fact that they do go unrecognised within this training process simply feeds back into their feelings of low self-esteem and self-worth, and reinforces the belief that sport and leisure activities are not for them. It also means that lecturers and teachers in sport have little or no reference material and so lack the knowledge, training and confidence to try and change the current status quo.

Brittain (2010) cites possible reasons why disability sport is overlooked in terms of academic and vocational training. According to Coakley (1998), sport is a form of cultural practice created by groups of people in order to help find ways to live with each other and at the same time make their lives more fulfilling and meaningful. Sage (1993) claims “Sports and physical education are practices, which are socially constructed within the culture in which they exist, and any adequate account of them must be grounded in an understanding of power, privilege, and dominance within society” (Sage, 1993 cited in DePauw, 2000; p. 358). However, as sport is a social construction of dominant groups within society it is, therefore, a creation of and for non-disabled people, which gives priority to certain types of human movement (Barton, 1993). Therefore, disabled individuals wishing to take part in some kind of sporting activity at any level have first to overcome a complex inter-connection of a variety of socially constructed concepts (e.g. the way they are positioned within society in terms of sport, normality, body image), the effects of which can be lessened or increased by other social constructions such as their gender, age, race, sexual orientation and material factors.

Ferguson (2006, cited in Shapiro et al (2012: 105)) cites eight reasons for infusing information about disabilities in the general curriculum including the fact that ignorance feeds discrimination and stereotypes. The idea of infusing disability material into the sports curriculum is not new. As early as 1994 DePauw and Goc Karp (1994a, 1994b) introduced the idea and several authors since have re-iterated the idea (Brittain (2010, 2008); Hums et al (2007, 2003); DePauw and Doll-Tepper (2000); Rizzo et al (1997)). However, despite these articles it is apparent that only limited practical progress has been made on this issue.

In the UK the Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport at Loughborough University has been carrying out research for a number of years, but there is little evidence that this has spread to their curriculum. However, over the last year or so with all the publicity given to the London 2012 Paralympic Games a number of new initiatives have arisen that indicate maybe things are changing, albeit slowly. At the University of Worcester they have introduced a BSc (Hons) Sports Coaching Science with Disability Sport degree and have recently advertised for a Professor of Disability Sport to move the initiative forward. At the University of Lincoln they are running a Disability Sport Project whereby a group of students will complete research investigating disability sport provision and demands at the University of Lincoln. The group have agreed a number of targets and key performance indicators which include;
– Creating a working partnership between stakeholders at the University
– Completing research into disabled students’ experiences of sport at the University, and to ascertain demand for further services
– Producing a report making recommendations for the direction of future disability sport at the University, with a view to producing an agreed mission-statement for disability sport provision in the University.

At the University of Bath The Centre of Excellence for DisAbility Sport & Health (DASH) has been set up and will host research into disability sport and exercise for disabled athletes and military amputees and is part of the legacy of the Olympic and Paralympic Games inspired by the University’s role in helping to train elite Paralympic athletes at its Sports Training Village. And finally the English Federation of Disability Sport has set up a Research for Disabled People in Sport Working Group consisting of academics interested in the study of disability sport in the UK in an attempt to bring practitioners and academics in the field together for the benefit of all athletes with a disability. Hopefully these examples are just the tip of the iceberg and are an indication that the study of sport for people with disabilities is growing in importance and stature.

References

Barton, L., 1993, Disability, Empowerment and Physical Education, in Evans, J. (Ed.), 1993, Equality, Education and Physical Education, The Falmer Press, London, p. 43-54.
Brittain, I., 2010, The London 2012 Paralympic Games: Will Prejudice or Progress Prevail? Link 26, The Higher Education Academy Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Network, Oxford, UK, 5-6.
Brittain, I., 2008, The Paralympic Games, Disability Sport and the Curriculum, Link 20, The Higher Education Academy Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Network, Oxford, UK, 16-18.
Brittain, I., 2004, Perceptions of disability and their impact upon involvement in sport for people with disabilities at all levels. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, Vol.28 (4): 429-452.
Coakley, J., 1998, Sport in Society: Issues and Controversies (6th Ed.), McGraw-Hill, Boston, Mass, USA.
DePauw, K.P., 2000, Social-Cultural Context of Disability: Implications for Scientific Inquiry and Professional Preparation, in Quest, Vol. 52: 358 – 368.
Depauw, K.P. & Doll-Tepper, G., 2000, Toward progressive inclusion and acceptance: Myth or reality? The inclusion debate and bandwagon discourse, Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Vol. 17: 135 – 143.
Depauw, K.P. & Goc Karp, G., 1994a, Integrating knowledge of disability throughout the physical education
curricula: An infusion approach, Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, Vol.11: 3 – 13.
Depauw, K.P. & Goc Karp, G., 1994b, Preparing teachers for inclusion: The role of higher education, Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, Vol. 65: 51 – 53, 56.
Ferguson, P., 2006, Infusing disability studies into the general curriculum. Tempe, AZ: National Institute for Urban School Improvement.
Green, M. & Houlihan, B., 2005, Elite Sport Development: Policy Learning and Political Prioties, Routledge, Abingdon, UK
Hums, M.A., Moorman, A.M. & Wolff, E.A., 2007, “A different lens: Examining disability sport from a sport management perspective”. Retrieved from http://iris.lib.neu.edu/sport_staff_pres/1/
Hums, M.A., Moorman, A.M. & Fay, T., 2003, Educating future sport management about the Paralympic Games: Integrating the Paralympic Games into a sport management curriculum, Proceedings of the 2003 VISTA Paralympic Congress, Bollnas, Sweden (CD Version)
Hylton, K. & Bramham, P.(Eds.), 2008, Sports Development: Policy Process and Practice, Routledge, Abingdon, UK.
Jarvie, G., 2006, Sport, Culture and Society: An Introduction, Routledge, Abingdon, UK
Rizzo, T.L., Broadhead, G.D. & Kowalski, E., 1997, Changing kinesiology and physical education by infusing
information about individuals with disabilities, Quest, Vol. 49: 229 – 237.
Sage, G.H., 1993, Sport and Physical Education and the New World Order: dare we be agents of social change? In Quest, Vol. 45:151-164.
Shapiro, D.R., Pitts, B.G., Hums, M.A. & Calloway, J., 2012, Infusing Disability Sport into the Sport Management Curriculum, Choregia, Vol. 8(1): 101 – 118.
Tomlinson, A. (Ed), 2007, The Sports Studies Reader, Routledge, Abingdon, UK
Torkildsen, G., 1986, Leisure and Recreation Management (2nd Ed.); E. & F. N. Spon, London.

Youth with disabilities and sport in post-conflict zones

There is a steadily growing body of work regarding the significance of non-disabled sport within society and the potential impacts it can have, particularly in terms of developing ‘better’ citizens in terms of health, behaviour and productivity (cf. Coalter, 2007). There is also a growing body of work regarding the use of sport for the non-disabled in conflict zones as a means of development and brokering peace. However, there appears to be little work which addresses these issues with regard to the use of sport for the disabled and the role it might play both in the re-integration into society of people with disabilities nor the impact it can have upon changing perceptions of people with disabilities within the wider community and thus aiding the re-integration process. There appears to be some attempts to use sports for the rehabilitation of youth with disabilities in places such as Sierra Leone through amputee football, but what is lacking is a comprehensive understanding of the potential of sport in responding to the challenges faced by youth with physical disabilities.

One of the main impacts of armed conflicts is that there is a high level of disabilities caused by small arms and light weapons (SALW), including anti-personnel landmines.  Youth, both as civilians and combatants, appear to be one of the most affected groups with this problem, and it is often the case that there are no adequate socio-economic services and opportunities in post-conflict environments to help deal with the many issues raised by these conflict-induced disabilities. However, research relating to the impact of conflict induced disability, particularly with regard to children, is scarce, although this may be partly due to the difficulties of carrying out research in the often challenging situation of a post-conflict society.

However, it is equally important not to overlook the issues for those who received their disabilities as a result of accidents or birth defects otherwise there would be a  risk of marginalising further an already marginalised group. People, and particularly children, with disabilities do not have equal opportunities and equal access regarding most parts of life. Handicap International claim this lack of access includes basic services (especially education and health), because of physical inaccessibility to the buildings, lack of information in adapted formats (e.g. Braille) and discriminatory behaviour within society. In addition, people with disabilities tend to suffer disproportionately during and after conflict situations. They are often the most exposed to protection risks, including physical and sexual violence, exploitation, harassment and discrimination (Reilly, 2010). This is particularly true for females. Research by the United Nations indicates that violence against children with disabilities occurs at annual rates at least 1.7 times greater than for their non-disabled peers. Finally, they also lack options for making a living and, therefore, the opportunity to transcend out of poverty, which often means they either remain as a burden on their families or are forced to beg to make a living.

Disability and poverty are also closely linked with insecure living conditions, lack of access to basic services, malnutrition and other dimensions of poverty not only leading directly to disabilities, but also making life much harder for those who are born with or acquire disabilities through accidents or as a result of conflict. Add to these facts the issue of the perceived stigma attached not only to the person with a disability, but also their families, which can cause  parents to try and conceal their disabled children, and it is clear that life for a person with a disability in former conflict zones is very difficult indeed. The rehabilitation of children with conflict-induced disabilities needs to bear in mind a set of additional issues such as the context of poverty, social stigma, cultural values and traditions prevalent within the society under investigation. Moreover, as there are always many priorities for reconstruction in post-conflict affected environments, and people with disabilities and particularly children are far less likely to have access to decision making processes, means of production and financial capital, they tend to be further marginalized within society.

One further issue for people with disabilities in conflict zones is that they often become displaced from their villages and local communities, either forcibly or out of fear for their own safety and often end up in internal displacement camps, where conditions are often far from ideal to meet their needs. However, once the resettlement process is underway the devastation caused by the conflict in terms of the destruction of villages and infrastructure, often mean that people with disabilities are one of the hardest groups to re-settle. They also often meet other people with disabilities in the camps that enable them to achieve some sort of camaraderie, which is often preferable to the isolation they can feel in their own villages where they may be shunned or stigmatized by their acquired disability (Duerden, 2010).

Estimating accurate numbers for the disabled population in a given country in a post-conflict situation is often almost impossible. A lack of consistency in terminology and methodologies for data collection, cultural differences in definitions and concepts of disability, and lack of training or disability awareness amongst data collection staff will all affect the accuracy of the data. This is also compounded by some of the issues highlighted above regarding stigma and the hiding away of the people with disabilities, difficulties of researching in isolated (and sometimes dangerous) rural areas and the general administrative and bureaucratic chaos that follows a prolonged conflict situation. In short, life for children and youth with disabilities in a post-conflict environment often means marginalisation, exclusion, disparity, poverty and ostracisation. It is, therefore, very important for them to have opportunities to address these challenges. There is a growing body of evidence that sport may have an effective role to play as part of this process.  However, as pointed out above, there is a paucity of research in this area and it is, therefore, critical to explore possible approaches and methods for the potential use of sport in effectively helping to transform the lives of this marginalised group.

Bibliography

Coalter, F (2007) A wider social role for sport: who’s keeping the score? Routledge, UK.

Duerden, S (2010) Displacement limbo in Sierra Leone

(http://repository.forcedmigration.org/show_metadata.jsp?pid=fmo:5850) accessed 25-2-2013

Reilly, R (2010) Disabilities among refugees and conflict-affected populations (http://www.fmreview.org/disability/FMR35/08-10.pdf) accessed 25-2-2013

United Nations (undated) Factsheet on Persons with Disabilities.

(http://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?id=18) accessed 25-2-2013

The World Bank Group (2006) Govment bizness na wi bizness: Building demand for good governance and enhancing conditions for social accountability in Sierra Leone (http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRANETENVIRONMENT/Resources/244351-1222272730742/SL_ESW_Summary.pdf) accessed 25-2-2013

 

GBR Medals & Team sizes at summer Paralympic Games (1960-2012)

British Team Sizes by Games (Rome 1960 to London 2012)

	Team Size
	Men	Women	Total
Rome, 1960	38	13	51
Tokyo, 1964	52	18	70
Tel Aviv, 1968	50	22	72
Heidelberg, 1972	50	25	75
Toronto, 1976	68	22	90
Arnhem, 1980	75	32	107
New York, 1984	107/8*	52/3*	160
Stoke Mandeville, 1984	88	26	114
Seoul, 1988	178	63	241
Barcelona, 1992	155	51	206
Madrid, 1992	54	38	92
Atlanta, 1996	164	80	244
Sydney, 2000	139	75	214
Athens, 2004	99	67	166
Beijing, 2008	134	78	212
London, 2012	181	113	294

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

* The name and gender of one cerebral palsied athlete in New York is currently unknown.

British Medals by Games and Gender (Rome 1960 – London 2012)

	Men			Women			Mixed**			Total
	G	S	B	G	S	B	G	S	B	G	S	B
Rome, 1960	11	9	11	10	5	8	0	0	0	21	14	19	54
Tokyo, 1964	11	12	12	7	11	8	0	0	0	18	23	20	61
Tel Aviv, 1968	10	13	12	19	7	8	0	0	0	29	20	20	69
Heidelberg, 1972	6	7	12	10	7	9	0	1	0	16	15	21	52
Toronto, 1976	17	16	18	12	12	18	0	1	0	29	29	36	94
Arnhem, 1980	22	17	7	25	16	14	0	0	0	47	33	21	101
New York, 1984	37	41	46	43	42	38	0	1	2	80	84	86	250
Stoke Mandeville, 1984	16	14	17	11	14	9	1	1	0	28	29	26	83
Seoul, 1988	48	42	29	17	23	25	0	0	0	65	65	54	184
Barcelona, 1992	26	27	28	14	20	13	0	0	0	40	47	41	128
Madrid, 1992	2	2	4	0	2	1	0	0	0	2	4	5	11
Atlanta, 1996	21	24	24	18	18	17	0	0	0	39	42	41	122
Sydney, 2000	22	28	28	18	15	19	1	0	0	41	43	47	131
Athens, 2004	22	14	15	12	16	14	1	0	0	35	30	29	94
Beijing, 2008	27	19	18	13	10	12	2	0	1	42	29	31	102
London, 2012	15	20	22	17	23	20	2	0	1	34	43	43	120
Total	313	305	303	246	241	233	7	4	4	566	550	540	1656

**Mixed refers to events or sports were medals were won by teams that included both men and women.

British medals by sport and gender (Rome 1960 – London 2012)

	Men			Women			Mixed**			Total
	G	S	B	G	S	B	G	S	B	G	S	B
Swimming	114	118	88	88	113	118	0	0	0	202	231	206	639
Athletics	105	95	106	82	65	52	0	0	1	187	160	159	506
Lawn Bowls	21	17	12	13	11	7	1	1	0	35	29	19	83
Cycling	18	13	5	10	3	2	0	0	0	28	16	7	51
Table Tennis	13	14	23	11	18	17	0	0	0	24	32	40	96
Equestrianism	6	3	1	14	10	7	4	0	0	24	13	8	45
Archery	5	7	9	9	12	11	0	1	0	14	20	20	54
WC Fencing	6	9	17	4	1	6	0	0	0	10	10	23	43
Shooting	2	5	6	6	4	5	0	0	0	8	9	11	28
Snooker	8	4	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	8	4	6	18
Pentathlon	2	1	3	3	1	4	0	0	0	5	2	7	14
Weightlifting	4	7	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	4	7	6	17
Powerlififting	2	2	3	2	0	1	0	0	0	4	2	4	10
Boccia	1	2	2	1	2	0	1	1	1	3	5	3	11
Judo	3	3	9	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	9	15
Rowing	1	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1	3	0	1	4
WC Tennis	2	2	1	0	0	1	0	0	0	2	2	2	6
Dartchery	0	0	0	1	1	1	0	0	0	1	1	1	3
Sailing	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	1	0	1	2
WC Basketball	0	3	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	4	7
Volleyball (Standing)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	1
Football	0	0	2	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	3	3
Total	313	305	303	246	241	233	7	4	4	566	550	540	1656

**Mixed refers to events or sports were medals were won by teams that included both men and women.

Great Britain has never won a medal in the following sports:

Basketball  (Intellectually Disabled)

Football 5-a-side (Blind)

Goalball

Sitting Volleyball

Wheelchair Rugby

Wrestling (Blind)

Fourth Commonwealth Paraplegic Games – Dunedin, New Zealand 1974

Confirmed Participating Nations        13 plus three invited individual athletes.
Confirmed Participating Athletes       229 (175 M, 54 W)
Number of Events                                      150
Opening Ceremony                                    Sunday 13th January (2.30pm)
Closing Ceremony                                      Saturday 19th January (7.50pm)
Officially Opened by                                 Sir Denis Blundell (Governor-General)
Stadium                                                          Caledonian Sports Ground
Flame Lit by                                                  No Flame
Athlete’s Oath                                              Jim Savage (New Zealand Team Captain)
Official’s Oath                                              None known
Mascot                                                            None known

Participating Nations (13): Australia, England, Fiji, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Malaysia, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Singapore, Wales + three New Zealand based competitors competing by special invitation of the organising committee – T. Cullen, R. Porter and P. Read.

Confirmed Particpating Athletes (229):

No.	Surname	First Name	Gender	Country
101	English	P	F	AUS
102	Foley	Pam	F	AUS
103	Freeman	Tracey	F	AUS
104	Ireland	Cherrie	F	AUS
105	Lenhard	L	F	AUS
106	Milburn	G	F	AUS
107	Ross	M	F	AUS
108	Schreiber	Elizabeth	F	AUS
109	Stokes	J	F	AUS
110	Worley	B	F	AUS
111	Barrett	Ray	M	AUS
112	Bawden	Kevin	M	AUS
113	Bennett	D	M	AUS
114	Boulter	Eric	M	AUS
115	Burt	Peter	M	AUS
116	Conn	Alan	M	AUS
117	Coombs	Kevin	M	AUS
118	Ettridge	Len	M	AUS
119	Fowler	Roy	M	AUS
120	Giddy	Terry	M	AUS
121	Harris	G	M	AUS
122	Hind	J	M	AUS
123	Hooper	Gary	M	AUS
124	Ireland	M	M	AUS
125	Jordan	Robert	M	AUS
126	Kay	D	M	AUS
127	Klein	Eric	M	AUS
128	Lisle	J	M	AUS
129	McIntyre	Robert	M	AUS
130	McManus	C	M	AUS
131	McMillan	Bob	M	AUS
132	McPherson	D	M	AUS
133	Marsh	Peter	M	AUS
134	Martin	John	M	AUS
135	Mason	T	M	AUS
136	Mather Brown	Bill	M	AUS
137	Moran	K	M	AUS
138	Morrisson	R	M	AUS
139	Patchett	W	M	AUS
140	Patterson	H	M	AUS
141	Pointer	F	M	AUS
142	Ponta	Frank	M	AUS
143	Renalson	Vic	M	AUS
144	Russell	Eric	M	AUS
145	Salvamini	Vic	M	AUS
146	Sheil	J	M	AUS
147	Simmons	Noel	M	AUS
148	Soutar	R	M	AUS
149	Thwaite	Bruce	M	AUS
150	Watts	I	M	AUS
175	Barnard	Pam	F	ENG
176	Blackburn	Jane	F	ENG
177	Bryant	Caz	F	ENG
178	Buck	Gwen	F	ENG
179	Coles	Sheila	F	ENG
180	Cooper	Marjorie	F	ENG
181	Haynes	Sally	F	ENG
182	Jackson	Diane	F	ENG
183	Laughton	Jan	F	ENG
184	Mahoney	L	F	ENG
185	Matthews	Gill	F	ENG
186	Maughan	Margaret	F	ENG
187	Orpwood	Jenny	F	ENG
188	Smith	Denise	F	ENG
189	Swann	Janet	F	ENG
190	Terry	Hazel	F	ENG
191	Ayscough	Jeff	M	ENG
192	Bennett	Brian	M	ENG
193	Cale	David	M	ENG
194	Campbell	John	M	ENG
195	Cathcart	Ian	M	ENG
196	Chilcott	John	M	ENG
197	Dickinson	Brian	M	ENG
198	Ellis	David	M	ENG
199	Gray	J	M	ENG
200	Hepple	Carl	M	ENG
201	Kelly	Mike	M	ENG
202	Kinsella	Gerry	M	ENG
203	Levick	William	M	ENG
204	Lewis	Phillip	M	ENG
205	Lindley	S	M	ENG
206	McCranor	Peter	M	ENG
207
208	Mills	Gerry	M	ENG
209	Monoghan	George	M	ENG
210	Parkin	Ron	M	ENG
211	Parsons	Bernard	M	ENG
212	Peat	Colin	M	ENG
213	Rowe	Ralph	M	ENG
214	Rowson	Ian	M	ENG
215	Shelton	Mike	M	ENG
216	Slattery	J	M	ENG
217	Smith	Ian	M	ENG
218	Swindlehurst	Ginger	M	ENG
219	Taylor	Tommy	M	ENG
220	Thomas	Cyril	M	ENG
221	Thornton	William	M	ENG
222	West	Alan	M	ENG
223	White	William	M	ENG
224	Willett	Terry	M	ENG
225	Young	John	M	ENG
230	Finau	Willie	M	FIJ
231	Rosovaki	Inoke	M	FIJ
232	Vakalagilagi	Daniel	M	FIJ
235	Chin	WL	F	HKG
236	Lai	OL	F	HKG
237	So	KM	F	HKG
238	Chan	C	M	HKG
239	Chan	PK	M	HKG
240	Chu	SY	M	HKG
241	Kwok	W	M	HKG
242	Lai	SL	M	HKG
243	Lam	CW	M	HKG
244	Lam	YL	M	HKG
245	Lau	S	M	HKG
246	Law	LH	M	HKG
247	Lee	YL	M	HKG
248	Leung	J	M	HKG
249	Ng	CH	M	HKG
250	Sze	WH	M	HKG
251	Tang	LC	M	HKG
252
253	Pektar	M	M	IND
254
255	Bragg	D	F	JAM
256	Lewis	J	F	JAM
257	McPherson	Nella	F	JAM
258	Morgan	L	F	JAM
259	Mullings	D	F	JAM
260	White	O	F	JAM
261	Bryant	A	M	JAM
262	Bruce	F	M	JAM
263	McLeod	L	M	JAM
264	Morgan	Octavious	M	JAM
265	Reid	P	M	JAM
266	Rowe	M	M	JAM
267	Smith	O	M	JAM
268	Spence	C	M	JAM
269	Wright	T	M	JAM
270	Philomena		F	KEN
271	Britton	John	M	KEN
272	Dhanji	Z	M	KEN
273	Ithongo	G	M	KEN
274	Kamaunganga	C	M	KEN
275	Kamia	M	M	KEN
276	Kipkamboi	C	M	KEN
277	Kyania	F	M	KEN
278	Mbuthia	S	M	KEN
279	Migwalla	J	M	KEN
280	Musyoki	J	M	KEN
281	Wera	J	M	KEN
285	Chan	TS	M	MAS
286	Cheok	KF	M	MAS
287	Jemiran	A	M	MAS
290	Compton	J	F	NZL
291	Douglas	Joy	F	NZL
292	Fairhall	Neroli	F	NZL
293	Gibbs	Raylene	F	NZL
294	Harris	Gaylene	F	NZL
295	Kissick	Gabrielle	F	NZL
296
297	Prole	Yvonne	F	NZL
298	Rimmer	Eve	F	NZL
299	Williamson	Betty	F	NZL
300	Bryant	Gary	M	NZL
301	Chaffey	S	M	NZL
302	Close	Leo	M	NZL
303	Condon	Graham	M	NZL
304	Creba	Fred	M	NZL
305	Hannam	Jack	M	NZL
306	Hynds	Ross	M	NZL
307	Lean	William	M	NZL
308	McCormick	Keith F	M	NZL
309	Marett	Graeme	M	NZL
310	Miller	Dennis	M	NZL
311	Moore	Doug	M	NZL
312	Nicholls	C	M	NZL
313	Ngata	Reuben	M	NZL
314	Pepperell	Jim	M	NZL
315	Plessius	William	M	NZL
316	Reid	Ron	M	NZL
317	Savage	Jim	M	NZL
318	Scott	Stan	M	NZL
319	Shayler	D	M	NZL
320	Tocker	Bruce	M	NZL
321	Toye	Eric	M	NZL
322	Wadley	Ivan	M	NZL
325	Docherty	A	F	IRL
326	Lewers	Fran	F	IRL
327	Russell	D	F	IRL
328	Wilson	M	F	IRL
329	Gibson	Jimmy	M	IRL
330	Jamison	J	M	IRL
331	Young	N	M	IRL
335	Anderson	Barbara	F	SCO
336	Howie	Barbara	F	SCO
337	Jones	Maggy	F	SCO
338	Marr	Maggie	F	SCO
339	Robertson	Val	F	SCO
340	Bonnar	Denis	M	SCO
341	Buchanan	Jim	M	SCO
342	Clark	John	M	SCO
343	Corrie	Alan	M	SCO
344	Elliot	M	M	SCO
345	Guthrie	Tom S	M	SCO
346	Johnson	G	M	SCO
347	McCreadie	Mick	M	SCO
348	Rae	I	M	SCO
349	Robertson	John	M	SCO
350	Robertson	John A	M	SCO
351	Robertson	John G	M	SCO
352	Sanson	Ron	M	SCO
353	Smith	J	M	SCO
354	Stanton	Peter	M	SCO
355	Ure	J	M	SCO
356	Williams	Derek	M	SCO
360	Tan	Jee Keng Robert	M	SIN
361	Tanapal	Frankie S	M	SIN
365	Anslow	Gerald	M	WAL
366	Bloxsome	I	M	WAL
367	Gronow	John	M	WAL
368	Jenkins	W	M	WAL
369	Knibbs	C	M	WAL
370	Munkley	Jim	M	WAL
371	Nash	E	M	WAL
372	Phillips	W	M	WAL
373	Rose	R	M	WAL
374	Silva	Paul	M	WAL
375	Smout	G	M	WAL
376	Winters	David	M	WAL
380	Cullen	T	M	Invited
381	Porter	R	M	Invited
382	Read	P	M	Invited

Sports (12): Archery, Athletics, Dartchery, Lawn Bowls, Pentathlon (Archery, Athletics and Swimming Events), Shooting, Snooker, Swimming, Table Tennis, Weightlifting (Men Only), Wheelchair Basketball (Men Only), Wheelchair Fencing.

Impairment Groups (1): Spinal Cord Injuries.

Logo:

Instead of the usual wheelchair javelin thrower used at the previous three Commonwealth Paraplegic Games the organizers in Dunedin chose a stylized wheelchair archer that looks very similar to a Maori carving with a ball made to look like a Kiwi bird.

The Games Venues:

Caledonian Sports Ground:    Athletics, Pentathlon, Wheelchair Basketball

Logan Park:                                   Archery, Dartchery, Lawn Bowls, Pentathlon, 

                                                            Slalom

Phys Ed School Gym:               Table Tennis, Wheelchair Basketball

University Union Hall :            Weightlifting, Wheelchair Fencing

Moana Pool:                                  Pentathlon, Swimming

St Kilda Indoor Rifle Range:  Shooting

RSA Billiard Room:                     Snooker

Otago Museum:                             Arts & Crafts Competition and Exhibition

The Outstanding Performers in Dunedin:

The most successful athlete in Dunedin amongst the men was P. Reid from Jamaica who won 4 gold and 1 silver medal in field events, pentathlon and swimming. Amongst the women the most successful athlete was Caz Bryant from England who won 5 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze medal in fencing, field events, pentathlon, table tennis and track events.

Arts and Crafts Competition Winners:

Painting

1. M. Rinaldi (SCO)                                       Oil Painting “Heimaey”

2. C. Waghorn (NZL)                                    Oil Painting “Landscape”

3. V. Morrison (JAM)                                  Oil Painting “Landscape”

Sculpture

1. J. Laird (SCO)                                             “Horse” Stone Sculpture

2. J. Buchanan (SCO)                                   “Delinquent” Wood Sculpture

3. Dagoretti Children’s Centre (KEN)   “Lioness with its Cubs”

Crafts

1. A. Abdilla (MLT)                                       Knitted Woolen Shawl

2. B. Gouramah (MAU)                               Cross Stitch Blouse

3. W.H. Jones (NZL)                                     Leatherwork

Final Medal Table (Based upon available results)

	G	S	B	Total
Australia	45	36	29	110
England	44	33	24	101
New Zealand	29	20	24	73
Jamaica	18	13	10	41
Scotland	10	21	22	53
Ireland	3	7	3	13
Wales	1	3	3	7
Hong Kong	0	4	5	9
Invitational Athletes	0	2	1	3
Kenya	0	2	1	3
Malaysia	0	2	1	3
Singapore	0	0	1	1
Fiji	0	0	0	0
India	0	0	0	0
	150	143	124	417

Third Commonwealth Paraplegic Games – Edinburgh, Scotland 1970

Confirmed Participating Nations                    14

Participating Athletes (Unconfirmed)          197 (145 M, 52 W)

Confirmed Number of Events                          150     

Opening Ceremony                                    Sunday 26^th July (2.00pm)

Closing Ceremony                                      Saturday 1^st August

Officially Opened by                                 Rt Hon Edward Heath (Prime Minister)

Stadium                                                           Meadowbank

Flame Lit by                                                    No Flame

Athlete’s Oath                                               Scottish Team Captain

Official’s Oath                                                None Known

Mascot                                                              None Known

Participating Nations (14): Australia, Canada, England, Hong Kong, India, Jamaica, Malaysia, Malta, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Trinidad & Tobago, Uganda, Wales.

Participating Athletes (197):

Only results listing the first three in each event are currently available. The names listed below are from the Games programme. However, actual participation of each athlete cannot currently be confirmed.

No.	Surname	First Name	Gender	Country
1	Kirby	C	F	AUS
2	Lloydstrom	Cherie	F	AUS
3	Michael	L	F	AUS
4	Richards	E	F	AUS
5	Stokes	J	F	AUS
6	Barrett	Ray	M	AUS
7	Brown	A	M	AUS
8	Burt	Peter	M	AUS
9	Cockerill	A	M	AUS
10	Conn	Alan	M	AUS
11	Cunningham	Kevin	M	AUS
12	Fowler	Roy	M	AUS
13	Giddy	Terry	M	AUS
14	Hooper	Gary	M	AUS
15	McIntyre	Robert	M	AUS
16	McLucas	A	M	AUS
17	Magennis	Eric	M	AUS
18	Mather Brown	William	M	AUS
19	Moretti	Bruno	M	AUS
20	Martin	John	M	AUS
21	Newton	Jim	M	AUS
22	Ponta	Frank	M	AUS
23	Rickards	Cliff	M	AUS
24	Renalson	Vic	M	AUS
25	Shirt	B	M	AUS
26	Simmonds	Jeff	M	AUS
27	Simmons	Noel	M	AUS
28	Silever	P	M	AUS
29	Salvermini	Vic	M	AUS
30	South	Tony	M	AUS
31	Soutar	R	M	AUS
32	White	R	M	AUS
33	Blair	D	M	CAN
34	Blackburn	Jane	F	ENG
35	Waller	Phylis	F	ENG
36	Barnard	Pam	F	ENG
37	Buck	Gwen	F	ENG
38	Swann	Janet	F	ENG
39	Finnegan	Sheila	F	ENG
40	Gregory	K	F	ENG
41	Haynes	Sally	F	ENG
42	Hill	Karen	F	ENG
43	Laughton	Jan	F	ENG
44	Gibbs	Magaret	F	ENG
45	Bryant	Caz	F	ENG
46	Rock	Pat	F	ENG
47	Jackson	Diane	F	ENG
48	Heale	L	M	ENG
49	Rowson	Ian	M	ENG
50	White	W	M	ENG
51	Maddison	J	M	ENG
52	McInally	G	M	ENG
53	James	M	M	ENG
54	Swindlehurst	Ginger	M	ENG
55	Bennett	Brian	M	ENG
56	Moran	Paddy	M	ENG
57	Craven	Philip	M	ENG
58	Taylor	Tommy	M	ENG
59	Hepple	Carl	M	ENG
60	Thomas	Cyril	M	ENG
61	Minchin	Danny	M	ENG
62	Young	John	M	ENG
63	Willett	Terry	M	ENG
64	Dickinson	Brian	M	ENG
65	Kinsella	Gerry	M	ENG
66	Cathcart	D	M	ENG
67	Ayscough	J	M	ENG
68	Parkin	Ron	M	ENG
69	Thompson	Dick	M	ENG
70	Pickering	David	M	ENG
71	Kelly	Mike	M	ENG
72	Peat	Colin	M	ENG
73	Rowe	Ralph	M	ENG
74	West	Alan	M	ENG
75	Bradshaw	Stephen	M	ENG
76	Ellis	David	M	ENG
77	Thornton	William	M	ENG
78	Edwards	K	M	ENG
79	Monoghan	George	M	ENG
80	Fisher	E	M	ENG
81	Lyall	Paul	M	ENG
82	Mattick	J	M	ENG
83	Cooper	Marjorie	F	ENG
84	Shun	Kar-See	M	HKG
85	Tse	Tsun-Him	M	HKG
86	Petkar	M	M	IND
87	Lewis	J	F	JAM
88	Williams	S	F	JAM
89	Meikle	C	F	JAM
90	Rhone	E	F	JAM
91	McPherson	Nella	F	JAM
92	Long	Derven	M	JAM
93	Graham	Charles	M	JAM
94	Bryan	A	M	JAM
95	Pearson	D	M	JAM
96	Reid	P	M	JAM
97	Gunter	Stanley	M	JAM
98	Law	O	M	JAM
99	Forrester	Huntley	M	JAM
100	Reynolds	Kenneth	M	JAM
101	Morgan	Octavious	M	JAM
102	White	O	M	JAM
103	Gan	Kim Hwe	M	MAS
104	Miswan	Buang	M	MAS
105	Tonna	H	F	MLT
106	Micallef	M	F	MLT
107	Markham	C	M	MLT
108	Galea	V	M	MLT
109	Camilleri	J	M	MLT
110	Bugelli	A	M	MLT
111	Portelli	George	M	MLT
112	Micallef	J	M	MLT
113	Miggiana	C	M	MLT
114	Harris	Gaylene	F	NZL
115	Pentecost	Louise	F	NZL
116	Rimmer	Eve	F	NZL
117	Brown	Norman	M	NZL
118	Close	Leo	M	NZL
119	Condon	Graham	M	NZL
120	Curry	Paul	M	NZL
121	Fattorini	R	M	NZL
122	Lean	William	M	NZL
123	Marett	Graeme	M	NZL
124	Moore	Doug	M	NZL
125	Ngata	Reuben	M	NZL
126	Plessius	William	M	NZL
127	Savage	Jim	M	NZL
128	Doherty	A	F	IRL
129	Wilson	M	F	IRL
130	Russell	D	F	IRL
131	Lewers	Fran	F	IRL
132	Gibson	Jimmy	M	IRL
133	Hughes	John	M	IRL
134	Young	N	M	IRL
135	Lucas	E	M	IRL
136	Jamieson	J	M	IRL
137	Hindshaw	P	M	IRL
138	Mitchell	Hilton	M	TRI
139	Bonnett	Benjamin	M	TRI
140	Sekiwano	S	M	UGA
141	Owani	M	M	UGA
142	Opigo	J	M	UGA
143	Rushton	J	F	WAL
144	Silva	P	M	WAL
145	Winters	David	M	WAL
146	Rose	R	M	WAL
147	Little	A	M	WAL
148	Knibbs	G	M	WAL
149	Brace	J	M	WAL
150	Smart	Terry	M	WAL
151	Jones	D	M	WAL
152	Monkley	J	M	WAL
153	White	B	M	WAL
154	Anslow	G	M	WAL
155	O’Brian	D	M	WAL
156	Gronow	D	M	WAL
157	Phillips	Dudley	M	WAL
158	Davies	M	M	WAL
159	Buchanan	Jim	M	SCO
160	Corrie	Alan G	M	SCO
161	Clark	John C	M	SCO
162	Docherty	J	M	SCO
163	Dodds	D	M	SCO
164	Easton	W	M	SCO
165	Forrester	J	M	SCO
166	Guthrie	Tom	M	SCO
167	Killin	Tom	M	SCO
168	Johnson	G	M	SCO
169	Laird	Jim	M	SCO
170	McCairn	T	M	SCO
171	McCreadie	Mick	M	SCO
172	MacDonald	N	M	SCO
173	Maguire	J	M	SCO
174	Mercer	D	M	SCO
175	Reid	W	M	SCO
176	Robertson	John	M	SCO
177	Robertson	John A	M	SCO
178	Robertson	John G	M	SCO
179	Sanson	R	M	SCO
180	Simpson	G	M	SCO
181	Smith	J	M	SCO
182	Stanton	Peter	M	SCO
183	Stimson	L	M	SCO
184	Taylor	R	M	SCO
185	Tees	A	M	SCO
186	Ure	J	M	SCO
187	Williams	D	M	SCO
188	Anderson	Barbara	F	SCO
189	Hale	M	F	SCO
190	Hogg	R	F	SCO
191	Howie	Barbara	F	SCO
192	Jones	M	F	SCO
193	Marr	Maggie	F	SCO
194	Robertson	M	F	SCO
195	Simpson	L	F	SCO
196	Taylor	M	F	SCO
197	Whytock	L	F	SCO

Sports (11): Archery, Athletics, Dartchery, Lawn Bowls, Pentathlon (Archery, Athletics and Swimming Events), Shooting, Swimming, Table Tennis, Weightlifting (Men Only), Wheelchair Basketball (Men Only), Wheelchair Fencing.

Impairment Groups (1): Spinal Cord Injuries.

Logo:

Maintaining the overall theme of a javelin thrower in a wheelchair the Scottish organizing committee adapted the logo to incorporate the Scottish emblem of a thistle.

The Games Venues:

Games Village (RAF Turnhouse):      Archery, Precision Javelin

Meadowbank Sports Complex:          All other sports including some archery

Royal Commonwealth Pool:                Swimming

Lochend Bowling Green:                        Lawn Bowls

Redcraig Shooting Range:                     Shooting

The Outstanding Performers in Edinburgh:

The best performer in Edinburgh in terms of gold medals won was C. Meikle from Jamaica who won 6 gold and 3 silver medals in athletics, slalom and swimming. The best male performer was Robert McIntyre from Australia who won 5 gold, 1 silver and 1 bronze medal, also in athletics, slalom and swimming. In terms of total medals won both Cherie Lloydstrom of Australia and Caz Bryant of England won 11 medals each including 5 gold medals each.

Arts and Crafts Competition and Exhibition:

At the Games in Scotland a competition and exhibition of arts and crafts was included in the programme, which took place in the Lecture Theatre at the Meadowbank Sports Centre.

Painting

1. G. Sebagala (UGA)

2. M. Rinaldi (SCO)

3. J. Farrugia (MLT)

Drawing

1. I. McIlwraith (SCO)

2. T-W. Wong (HKG)

3. J. Laird (SCO)

Sculpture

1. J. Laird (SCO)

2. T. Campbell (NZL)

3. D. Winters (WAL)

Crafts

1. M. Verzin (MLT)

2. O. Law (JAM)

3. L. Roberts (TRI)

Final Medal Table

	Gold	Silver	Bronze
England	48	32	23	103
Australia	29	31	39	99
Scotland	27	29	21	77
Jamaica	25	14	10	49
New Zealand	12	14	4	30
Wales	5	6	2	13
Ireland	1	2	6	9
Uganda	1	1	0	2
India	1	0	0	1
Trinidad & Tabago	1	0	0	1
Malta	0	2	2	4
Malaysia	0	1	0	1
Canada	0	0	0	0
Hong Kong	0	0	0	0
	150	132	107	389

The Second Commonwealth Paraplegic Games – Kingston, Jamaica 1966

To date I have been unable to source a complete set of results for the Games in Kingston. Below is what I have been able to compile so far from a variety of sources. If anyone knows the whereabouts of a complete set of results I would love to get my hands on a copy – please leave a comment if you can help!

Confirmed Participating Nations        10

Confirmed Participating Athletes       94 (72 Men/ 22 Women)

Number of Events                                      120

Opening Ceremony                                    Sunday 14^th August (4.30pm)

Closing Ceremony                                      Saturday 20^th August (5.00pm)

Officially Opened by                                 HRH Prince Philip

Stadium                                                          Polio Rehabilitation Centre, Mona

Flame Lit by                                                 No Flame

Athlete’s Oath                                             Derven Long (Jamaican Team Captain)

Official’s Oath                                             None Known

Mascot:                                                         None Known

Participating Nations (10): Australia, Canada, England, Fiji, Jamaica New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Trinidad and Tobago, Wales.

Participating Athletes:

Athletes in bold appear in the Games Programme, but not in the available (incomplete) results and, therefore, cannot (at present) be confirmed as having competed.

1	Potter	A	M	ENG
2	Slough	D	M	ENG
3	Novak	S	M	ENG
4	Morris	R	M	ENG
5	Dickinson	Brian	M	ENG
6	Slattery	J	M	ENG
7	Mansfield	Howard	M	ENG
8	Rowe	Ralph	M	ENG
9	Palmer	Tom	M	ENG
10	Amando	J	M	ENG
11	Redgewick	John	M	ENG
12	Thompson	Dick	M	ENG
13	Thornton	William	M	ENG
14	Ellis	David	M	ENG
15	Lynch	Derek	M	ENG
16	Major	J	M	ENG
17	Bates	R	M	ENG
18	Pickering	D	M	ENG
19	Scott	Russ	M	ENG
20	Swindlehurst	George	M	ENG
21	McCranor	Peter	M	ENG
22	Lyall	Paul	M	ENG
23	Lewis	Peter	M	ENG
24	Thomas	Cyril	M	ENG
25	Willetts	Terry	M	ENG
26	Hepple	Carl	M	ENG
27	Maughan	Margaret	F	ENG
28	Wood	B	F	ENG
29	Gibbs	Margaret	F	ENG
30	Jones	Sheila	F	ENG
31	Waller	Phyllis	F	ENG
32	Forder	Val	F	ENG
33	Bryant	Caz	F	ENG
34	Ackhurst	Vivian	F	ENG
35	Masham	Susan	F	ENG
36	Laughton	Jan	F	ENG
37	Barnard	Pam	F	ENG
38
39
40
41	Renalson	Vic	M	AUS
42	Martin	John	M	AUS
43	Newton	Jim	M	AUS
44	Hooper	Gary	M	AUS
45	Cunningham	Kevin	M	AUS
46	Moretti	Bruno	M	AUS
47	Tamminen	Mikko	M	AUS
48	Ceeney	Daphne	F	AUS
49	Dodd	Lorraine	F	AUS
50	Schreiber	Elaine	F	AUS
51	Mather-Brown	William	M	AUS
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59	Reimer	Bernard	M	CAN
60	Clark	John	M	SCO
61	Docherty	John	M	SCO
62	Forrester	James	M	SCO
63	Hunt	Bernard	M	SCO
64	Laird	Jim	M	SCO
65	MacDonald	Neil	M	SCO
66	Robertson	John G.	M	SCO
67	Sansom	R	M	SCO
68	Stanton	Peter	M	SCO
69	Williams	Derek	M	SCO
70	Williamson	J.M.	M	SCO
71	Robertson	John A.	M	SCO
72	Bell	Patrick	M	SCO
73	Harvey	Rosemary	F	SCO
74	Marr	Maggie	F	SCO
75
76
77
78
79	Ross	Margaret	F	FIJ
80
81	Gibson	Jimmy	M	NI
82	Hughes	John	M	NI
83	Lyttle	Andrew	M	NI
84	Vizard	Pat	F	NI
85
86	Winters	David	M	WAL
87	Smart	Terry	M	WAL
88	Phillips	Dudley	M	WAL
89	Reyland	Martin	M	WAL
90	Hearne	Freddie	M	WAL
91	Bloxsome	Ivor	M	WAL
92	Hughes	Owen	M	WAL
93	Lidster	Emlyn	M	WAL
94	Seatter	John	M	WAL
95	Jones	Ken	M	WAL
96	Harry	Gaynor	F	WAL
97
98
99
100	Brown	Norman	M	NZL
101	MacDonald	Colin	M	NZL
102	Campbell	Leonard	M	NZL
103	Wright	Rodney	M	NZL
104	Plessius	Will	M	NZL
105	Heremaia	Pompey	M	NZL
106	Lean	Bill	M	NZL
107	Flood	Bill	M	NZL
108	Nepata	Sydney	M	NZL
109
110	Weatherley	R	M	NZL
111	Bonnett	Benjamin	M	TRI
112	Khalpi	Manseram	M	TRI
113	Roberts	Lennie	M	TRI
114	Barossa	Ramdas	M	TRI
115	Mitchell	Hilton	M	TRI
116	Martin	Colbert	M	TRI
117	Rampath	Kassiepersad	M	TRI
118	Noel	Jeffrey	M	TRI
119
120
121	Long	Derven	M	JAM
122	Watson	Leonard	M	JAM
123	Brown	Dennis	M	JAM
124	Graham	Charles	M	JAM
125	Hall	Albert	M	JAM
126	Reynolds	Kenneth	M	JAM
127	Forrester	Huntley	M	JAM
128	Excell	Vincent	M	JAM
129	Clarke	Stanford	M	JAM
130	Gunter	Stanley	M	JAM
131	Morgan	Octavius	M	JAM
132	Mullings	Delores	F	JAM
133	Whittingham	Polly	F	JAM
134	McPherson	Nella	F	JAM

Sports (10): Archery, Athletics, Dartchery, Pentathlon (Archery, Athletics & Swimming Events), Snooker, Swimming, Table Tennis, Weightlifting (Men Only), Wheelchair Basketball (Men Only), Wheelchair Fencing.

Impairment Groups (1): Spinal Cord Injuries.

Logo:

The logo for Kingston is a virtual mirror image of the one used in Perth in 1962 without the Australian flag in the background.

Athlete’s Oath:

“We declare that we will take part in the Commonwealth Paraplegic Games of 1966 in the spirit of true sportsmanship recognizing the rules which govern them and desirous of participating in them for the honour of our Commonwealth and for the glory of sport.”

The Games Venues

University of the West Indies Sports Field:  Archery, Dartchery, Field Events

Recreation Hall, Games Village, Mona:          Weightlifting, Wheelchair Fencing

St Andrews Club:                                                       Snooker

University of the West Indies Pool:                 Swimming

University of the West Indies Gym:                Wheelchair Basketball

Old Library, Games Village, Mona:                  Table Tennis

National Stadium:                                                   Slalom, Wheelchair Races

The Outstanding Performers in Kingston

Without a complete set of available results from Kingston with which to calculate this it is currently impossible to give this information.

Final Medal Table (Unconfirmed)

	Gold	Silver	Bronze
England	64	50	30
Australia	33	28	22
Scotland	11	11	21
Jamaica	8	8	5
Northern Ireland	2	3	2
New Zealand	1	8	2
Fiji	1	0	0
Wales	0	5	3
Trinidad & Tobago	0	1	0
Canada	0	0	1
	120	114	86

The First Commonwealth Paraplegic Games – Perth, Australia 1962

The First Commonwealth Paraplegic Games – Perth, Australia 1962

Confirmed Participating Nations                                       9
Confirmed Participating Athletes                                      89 (68 M, 21 W)
Number of Events                                                                     89
Opening Ceremony                                                                  10th November (2pm)
Closing Ceremony                                                                    17th November (2pm)Mascot:                                                                                         None Known        Officially Opened by      Sir Charles Gairdner (Governor of Western Australia)
Stadium                               Royal Agricultural Society Showground, Claremont.
Flame Lit by                                                                                No Flame
Athlete’s Oath                                                                            None Known
Official’s Oath                                                                            None Known

Logo:

After considering a number of designs, it was decided that the Games logo should be the javelin thrower in a wheelchair with a background of the outline of the Australian flag, because the first Games were to be held in Australia.

Participating Nations (9): Australia, England, India, New Zealand, Northern Ireland, Singapore, Scotland, Southern Rhodesia, Wales.

Participating Athletes (89):

No.	Surname	First Name	Gender
1	Hollick	Dick	M	ENG
2	Potter	A	M	ENG
3	Gavaneck	Stefan	M	ENG
4	Edwards	K	M	ENG
5	Foster	R	M	ENG
6	Moran	Paddy	M	ENG
7	Thompson	Dick	M	ENG
8	Redgewick	John	M	ENG
9	Crowder	Fred	M	ENG
10	Shelton	Mike	M	ENG
11	Buck	John	M	ENG
12	Chilcott	J	M	ENG
13	Thompson	J	M	ENG
14	Palmer	Tom	M	ENG
15	Rowe	Robert	M	ENG
16	Gibson	Jimmy	M	ENG
17	Scott	Russ	M	ENG
18	Dickinson	Brian	M	ENG
19	McCranor	Peter	M	ENG
20	Haynes	Sally	F	ENG
21	Laughton	Jan	F	ENG
22	Masson	Ann	F	ENG
23	Masham	Lady Susan	F	ENG
24	Jones	Shelagh	F	ENG
25	Buck	Gwen	F	ENG
26	Maughan	Margaret	F	ENG
27	Forder	Val	F	ENG
28	Flint	Daisy	F	ENG
29	Edwards	Marian	F	ENG
30	Foulds	Pauline	F	ENG
31	Pickering	David	M	ENG
32
33	Hunt	B	M	SCO
34	Laird	Jim	M	SCO
35	Robertson	John G	M	SCO
36	Shields	A	M	SCO
37	Guthrie	Tommy	M	SCO
38	MacDonald	Neil	M	SCO
39	Robertson	John	M	SCO
40	Sloway	J	M	SCO
41	Stanton	Peter	M	SCO
42	Whitefield	J	M	SCO
43	Hendry	J	M	SCO
44	Niblo	I	M	SCO
45	Robinson	J	M	SCO
46	Taylor	M	F	SCO
47	Harvey	R	F	SCO
48
49
50	Cockeram	G	M	WAL
51	Phillips	Dudley	M	WAL
52	Winters	Dudley	M	WAL
53	Hughes	O	M	WAL
54	Lidster	E	M	WAL
55	Barnes	F	M	WAL
56	Walker	L	M	WAL
57	Smart	T	M	WAL
58	Harry	G	F	WAL
59
60	Deans	H	M	IRL
61	Vizard	Pat	F	IRL
62	Mann	George	M	RHO
63	Manson Bishop	Leslie	M	RHO
64	Gilchrist	Lynn	F	RHO
65	Harriman	Margaret	F	RHO
66	Heremaia	Pompi	M	NZL
67	Martin	W	M	NZL
68	McCarthy	Pamela	F	IND
69	bin Baba	Abdul Wahid	M	SIN
70	Bazeley	M	M	AUS
71	Ponta	Frank	M	AUS
72	Moretti	Bruno	M	AUS
73	Sutton	Ross	M	AUS
74	Newton	J	M	AUS
75	Hooper	Gary	M	AUS
76	Thwaite	B	M	AUS
77	Mather-Brown	William	M	AUS
78	Renalson	Vic	M	AUS
79	Maxwell	R	M	AUS
80	Tinsley	D	M	AUS
81	O’Brien	C	M	AUS
82	Yeomans	A	M	AUS
83	Watts	D	M	AUS
84	Gidney	John	M	AUS
85	Cockerill	Roger	M	AUS
86	Cunningham	Kevin	M	AUS
87	Turich	John	M	AUS
88	Rein	John	M	AUS
89	Robertson	A	M	AUS
90	Combes	G	M	AUS
91	Dodd	Lorraine	F	AUS
92	Ross	M	F	AUS
93	Ceeney	Daphne	F	AUS

Sports (10): Archery, Dartchery, Field Events, Pentathlon (Archery, Athletics & Swimming Events – Men only), Snooker (Men only), Swimming, Table Tennis, Weightlifting (Men only), Wheelchair Basketball (Men only), Wheelchair Fencing.

Impairment Groups (1): Spinal Cord Injuries.

 The Games Venues:

City of Perth Aquatic Centre: Swimming
Royal Agricultural Society Showground: All other sports

The Outstanding Performers in Perth

The two most outstanding performers in Perth were both women. Daphne Ceeney of Australia won 8 gold and 1 silver medal in archery, fencing, field events and swimming and Lynn Gilchrist of Rhodesia won gold medals in archery, field events and swimming. Lorraine Dodd of Australia was close behind winning 7 gold and 2 silver medals in archery, field events, table tennis and swimming. In the men’s events Dick Thompson of England won 5 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze medal in basketball, fencing, field events and the pentathlon and Leslie Manson-Bishop won 5 gold, 2 silver and 1 bronze medal in field events, pentathlon and swimming. Frank Ponta of Australia actually won the most medals of anyone (11) with 3 golds, 5 silvers and 3 bronze medals in basketball, fencing, field events, swimming and table tennis. Overall, perhaps the most impressive performance of all was that of the Rhodesian team , which consisted of only three members, but still managed to win 23 medals and finish third in the overall medal table.

Final Medal Table (Based upon available results)

	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
Australia	38	28	23	89
England	30	41	19	90
Rhodesia	15	4	4	23
Scotland	2	9	4	15
New Zealand	2	0	1	3
Wales	1	0	3	4
India	1	0	2	3
Ireland	0	0	0	0
Singapore	0	0	0	0
	89	82	56	227

Commonwealth Games Para-sport Event Results Manchester 2002 – Delhi 2010.

Manchester 2002 Para-Sport Medal Winners

Athletics

800m Para Sport Wheelchair – Women

Position     Name                                Country     Result
Gold            Chantal Petitclerc        Canada      1:52.93 mins
Silver         Louise Sauvage              Australia   1:53.30 mins
Bronze       Eliza Jane Stankovic   Australia   1:54.20 mins

100m Para Sport – Men

Position Name Country Result
Gold           Adekunie Adesoji          Nigeria            10.76 sec
Silver        Hisham Khaironi            Malaysia         11.53 sec
Bronze     Rory Field                         South Africa  11.96 sec

Swimming

100m Freestyle Multi Disability – Men

Position    Name                                        Country               Result
Gold           Benjamin James Austin    Australia             -1.26 from S8 target
Silver         Scott Field                             South Africa      -0.57 from S13 target
Bronze      David Roberts                      Wales                    -0.12 from S7 target

100m Freestyle Multi Disabilty – Women

Position Name                               Country                 Result
Gold        Natalie du Toit            South Africa        -2.30 from S9 target
Silver      Stephanie Dixon         Canada                   -0.18 from S9 target
Bronze    Kirby Cote                    Canada                   +1.88 from S13 target

50m Freestyle Multi Disability – Men

Position    Name                                        Country       Result
Gold           Benjamin James Austin    Australia      -0.34 from S8 target
Silver         Philippe Gagnon                 Canada            0.00 from S10 target
Bronze       Benoit Huot                          Canada         +0.03 from S10 target

Freestyle Multi Disability – Women

Position    Name                           Country               Result
Gold           Natalie du Toit        South Africa       -1.06 from S9 target
Silver         Stephanie Dixon     Canada                 -0.14 from S9 target
Bronze       Danielle Campo      Canada                 +0.04 from S7 target

Table Tennis

Singles Para Sport Wheelchair – Women

Position        Name                       Country
Gold               Susan Gilroy         England
Silver            Alette Moll             South Africa
Bronze          Catherine Mitton England
Bronze          Joy Boyd                 Australia

Weightlifting

Bench Press Para Sport – Men

Position     Name                                   Country        Result
Gold            Solomon Amarakuo       Nigeria         150.4 kg
Silver          Richard Nicholson         Australia      148.5 kg
Bronze       Kon Fatt Cheok                Malaysia       144.1 kg

Lawn Bowls

Singles Visually Impaired – Women

Position        Name                                    Country
Gold               Ruth Small                          England
Silver             Constance Sibanda         Zimbabwe
Bronze          Vivian Berkeley               Canada
Bronze          Mukri Moira                      Malaysia

Triples Para Sport – Men

Position Names Country

Gold           Scotland (David Heddle, Ivan Prior, John Robertson)

Silver          Wales (Derek Dowling, John Gronow, Kevin George Woolmore)
Bronze       Australia (James Reynolds, Neville Read, Phillip Kearins)

Bronze       Malaysia (Harajinder Singh, Mahinder Singh, Hing Hing Lim, Lamin Azmi)

 Manchester Para-sport Event Medal Table.

                              Gold Silver Bronze Total
Australia                2         2          3           7
South Africa         2         2          1           5
England                  2         0          1           3
Nigeria                    2         0          0          2
Canada                    1         3           4         8
Scotland                 1         0           0         1
Malaysia                 0        1            3         4
Wales                       0        1            1          2
Zimbabwe              0         1            0         1

Melbourne 2006 Para-Sport Medallists

Athletics

100m Para Sport T12 – Men

Position      Name                                           Country                 Result
Gold             Adekunie Adesoji                   Nigeria                   11.07 sec
Silver           Hilton Langenhoven             South Africa        11.22 sec
Bronze         Etinosa Eriyo                          Nigeria                    11.43 sec

100m Para Sport T38 – Women

Position          Name                                        Country        Result
Gold                 Elizabeth McIntosh            Australia      14.38 sec
Silver               Katrina Webb                       Australia       14.51 sec
Bronze            Beverley Jones                     Wales             14.81 sec

200m Para Sport T46 – Men

Position        Name                           Country            Result
Gold               Heath Francis          Australia           22.96 sec
Silver             David Roos               South Africa   23.12 sec
Bronze          Vitalis Lanshima     Nigeria              23.16 sec

800m Para Sport T54 – Women

Position         Name                                   Country     Result
Gold                Chantal Petitclerc          Canada        1:48.98 sec
Silver              Eliza Jane Stankovic    Australia     1:49.62 sec
Bronze            Diane Roy                        Canada         1:53.76 sec

Discus Throw Para Sport – Men

Position            Name                                                      Country         Result
Gold                   Tanto Campbell                                  Jamaica         34.48 m
Silver                 Jacques Martin                                   Canada           32.28 m
Bronze               Ranjith Kumar Jayaseelan            India                29.88 m

Shot Put Para Sport – Women

Position         Name                           Country          Result
Gold                Njideka Iyiazi           Nigeria            9.76 m
Silver             Virginia Ohagwu      Nigeria            8.76 m
Bronze           Asti Poole                   Australia        4.99 m

Swimming

Freestyle Multi Disability – Men

Position    Name                                          Country    Result
Gold           Matthew John Cowdrey     Australia   0:56.73 (-1.20 from S9 target) Silver        Benoit Huot                             Canada      0:53.22 (-0.51 from S10 target)
Bronze      David Roberts                        Wales         1:01.85 (+0.20 from S7 target)

100m Freestyle Multi Disabilty – Women

Position    Name                                    Country      Result
Gold           Natalie du Toit South    Africa          01:01.81 (+0.13 from S9 target)
Silver         Valerie Grandmaison    Canada        01:01.02 (+1.14 from S13 target) Bronze       Anne Polinario                Canada        01:03.10 (+1.43 from S10 target)

50m Freestyle Multi Disability – Men

Position     Name                                          Country    Result
Gold            Matthew John Cowdrey     Australia   26.06 (-0.08 from S9 target)

Silver         Benoit Huot                             Canada      24.84 (+0.13 from S10 target)

Bronze       Matthew Benedict Walker England   28.94 (+0.36 from S7 target)

50m Freestyle Multi Disability – Women

Position    Name                                    Country            Result
Gold           Natalie du Toit                 South Africa    29.27 (-1.06 from S9 target) Silver        Anne Polinario                  Canada              28.63 (+0.19 from S10 target) Bronze     Annabelle J. Williams     Australia          30.25 (+0.90 from S9 target)

Table Tennis

Singles Para Sport Wheelchair – Women

Position      Name                        Country
Gold             Susan Gilroy          England
Silver           Faith Obiora           Nigeria
Bronze         Catherine Mitton England

Weightlifting

Bench Press Para Sport – Men

Position          Name                                         Country         Result
Gold                 Ruel Ishaku                             Nigeria          190.2 kg
Silver              Jason Lee Irving                    England         180.8 kg
Bronze            Darren Leslie Gardiner       Australia       178.9 kg

Melbourne Para-sport Event Medal Table

                            Gold Silver Bronze Total
Australia              4        2           3           9
Nigeria                  3        2           2           7
South Africa       2        2           0           4
Canada                  1         5          2            8
England                 1         1          2           4
Jamaica                 1         0         0            1
Wales                     0         0         2            2
India                       0         0         1            1

Delhi 2010 Para-Sport Medal Winners

Athletics

100m Para Sport T37 – Women

Position        Name                                    Country       Result
Gold               Katrina Hart                      England        14.36
Silver             Jenny McLoughlin         Wales             14.68
Bronze          Johanna Benson               Namibia        14.81

100m Para Sport T46 – Men

Position    Name                                                 Country           Result
Gold           Simon Patmore                             Australia          11.14
Silver         Samkelo Mike Radebe               South Africa  11.25
Bronze       Ayuba Abdullahi                          Nigeria             11.37

1500m Para Sport Wheelchair – Men

Position       Name                                              Country          Result
Gold              Kurt Fearnley                              Australia        3:19.86
Silver            Richard Colman                         Australia        3:20.90
Bronze          Robert Joshua Cassidy           Canada            3:21.14

1500m Para Sport Wheelchair – Women

Position     Name                                             Country      Result
Gold            Diane Roy                                    Canada        3:53.95
Silver          Chineme Bibian Obeta           Nigeria        4:09.29
Bronze       Anita Fourjour                           Ghana          4:18.83

Shot Put Para Sport – Men

Position       Name                                         Country     Result
Gold              Kyle Pettey                              Canada       11.44
Silver           Daniel West                              England     10.78
Bronze         Hamish MacDonald             Australia      9.92

Shot Put Para Sport – Women

Position      Name                          Country              Result
Gold             Louise Ellery            Australia           6.17
Silver           Jessica Hamill         New Zealand    7.17
Bronze         Gemma Prescott    England             5.54

Swimming

100m Butterfly Para Sport S9 – Women

Position        Name                                   Country                 Result
Gold               Natalie Du Toit                South Africa        01:07.32
Silver             Stephanie Millward       England                 01:13.11
Bronze           Ellie Cole                           Australia               01:14.04

100m Freestyle Para Sport S10 – Men

Position      Name                                      Country             Result
Gold             Benoit Huot                          Canada              00:53.70
Silver           Andrew Pasterfield           Australia          00:55.04
Bronze         Robert Welbourn              England            00:55.10

100m Freestyle Para Sport S8 – Men

Position         Name                                            Country     Result
Gold                Benjamin James Austin        Australia     01:00.44
Silver              Sean Fraser                                Scotland     01:00.77
Bronze            Blake Cochrane                       Australia     01:00.95

100m Freestyle Para Sport S9 – Women

Position          Name                                    Country                  Result
Gold                 Natalie Du Toit                 South Africa        01:02.36
Silver               Stephanie Millward        England                  01:03.69
Bronze            Ellie Cole                             Australia                01:05.20

50m Freestyle Para Sport S9 – Men

Position     Name                                            Country        Result
Gold            Matthew John Cowdrey       Australia       00:25.33
Silver          Simon Miller                             England         00:26.70
Bronze        Prasanta Karmakar                India              00:27.48

50m Freestyle Para Sport S9 – Women

Position    Name                                            Country                 Result
Gold           Natalie Du Toit                         South Africa       00:29.17
Silver         Annabelle J. Williams            Australia              00:29.42
Bronze       Stephanie Millward                England                00:29.69

Table Tennis

Singles Para Sport Wheelchair Women

Position       Name                                    Country
Gold              Kata Nwaka OPUTA       Nigeria
Silver            Catherine Morrow          Australia
Bronze          Faith Obiora                      Nigeria

Weightlifting

Bench Press Para Sport – Men

Position     Name                                                     Country      Result
Gold            Adesokan YAKUBU                        Nigeria        215.1
Silver          Anthony Azunna ULOONAM     Nigeria        210.6
Bronze        Ikechukwu OBICHUKWU          Nigeria        196.0

Bench Press Para Sport – Women

Position     Name                                                   Country      Result
Gold            Esther OYEMA                                Nigeria        148.1
Silver          Joy Ganiyatu ONAOLAPO         Nigeria        139.3
Bronze       Arasomwan Osamwenyobor      Nigeria        124.6

Delhi Para-sport Event Medal Table

                          Gold Silver Bronze Total
Australia           5        4           4           13
Nigeria               3        3           4           10
South Africa    3        1            0            4
Canada               3        0           1             4
England              1        4           3             8
New Zealand    0        1           0             1
Scotland            0         1           0            1
Wales                  0         1           0            1
Ghana                 0         0            1            1
India                   0         0             1           1
Namibia             0         0             1          1

Winter Olympic Disabled Demonstration Events (1984-1988)

Sarajevo Winter Olympics 1984 Disabled Skiing Demonstration Event Results.

Saturday 11th February – 35 Gates, 1050m with a 269m drop in altitude

Men’s giant slalom for single-leg amputees
Class LW2
1. Alexander Spitz           (FRG)           1:08.05
2. Reiner Bergman          (AUT)          1:09.91
3. David Jamison             (USA)           1:10.18
4. Michael Hipp               (FRG)            1:12.15
5. Peter Perner                (AUT)           1:12.32
6. Patrick Knaff               (FRA)            1:12.55
7. Chew Philip                  (CAN)           1:12.92
8. Greg Oswald                 (CAN)           1:13.81
9. Ola Rylander               (SWE)           1:14.94
10. Rajko Strzinar          (YUG)           1:18.69
11. Jordi Faurat Prat     (ESP)            1:24.46

Men’s giant slalom for single-arm amputees
Class LW6/8
1. Paul Neukomm                    (SUI)              1:02.19
2. Dietmar Schweninger       (AUT)            1:03.04
3. Rolf Heinzimann                 (SUI)             1:03.25
4. Heinz Moser                         (SUI)             1:03.66
5. Reed Robinson                   (USA)             1:04.78
6. Sreco Kos                             (YUG)             1:05.32
7. Franc Komar                      (YUG)              1:08.40
8. Stefan Ahacic                     (YUG)             1:10.57

Men’s giant slalom for above-knee amputees
Class LW4
1. Markus Ramsauer          (AUT)               1:02.66
2. Josef Meusburger          (AUT)               1:04.90
3. Bill Latimer                       (USA)                1:05.41
4. Eugen Diethelm              (SUI)                 1:06.04
5. Paul Fournier                  (SUI)                  1:07.10

Men’s giant slalom for double-arm amputees
Class LW5/7
1. Lars Lundstroem         (SWE)                  1:05.09
2. Felix Abele                    (FRG)                    1:05.91
3. Cato Zahl Pedersen   (NOR)                   1:06.21
4. Niko Mull                     (FRG)                    1:06.44
5. Felix Gisler                   (SUI)                     1:08.38

Calgary Winter Olympics 1988 Disabled Skiing Exhibition Event Results

Full results not currently available.

Cross Country (Canmore) Friday 19th February

Men 5km Class B1 (10 Competitors, 9 Countries)

1. Aalien, Hans Anton/ Homb, A. (Guide)       NOR          18.51.2
2. Pettersson, Ake/ Stridh, R. (Guide)              SWE          19.29.7
3. Tveit, Asmund/ Ulvang, K. (Guide)              NOR          19.48.6

Ladies 5km Class B1 (5 Competitors, 3 Countries)

1. Preining, Veronika/ Haberl, S. (Guide)      AUT           22.56.3
2. Pennanen, Kirsti/ Viljaharu (Guide)            FIN             23.00.1
3. Heger, Margaret/ Pucher, M. (Guide)         AUT          26.59.3

Giant Slalom (Canada Olympic Park) Sunday 21st February

Men’s Locomotor Disabled Class LW2 (13 Competitors, 8 Countries))

1. Spitz, Alexander           FRG           1.21.10
2. Mannino, Greg              USA           1.22.87
3. Berger, Fritz                   SUI             1.25.60

Ladies Locomotor Disabled Class LW2 (5 Competitors, 3 Countries)

1. Golden, Diana             USA             1.26.41
2. Gentile, Catherine    USA             1.32.86
3. Hill, Martha                USA             1.34.87